The whole history of science strongly proves, that as soon as human
beings start feeling an urgent need in technical innovations, the active
quest for the opportunities as well as for the ways of their realizations
take place. Hundreds and thousands of not only amateurs, but also serious
scientists are involved in the quest for antigravitation, which until
very recent times was thought to be a chimera.
This serves an evidence of the fact, that the era of space traveling
barbarism ends and the quest for civilized ways of space familiarization
is setting in. Indeed, tremendous financial and material resources are
being spent on traveling to space on jet spacecraft. These flights play
a rather important role in the intensive ozone layer destruction. Tremendous
amounts of fuel is being spent, and this taking place during the inevitably
approaching fuel crisis.
The entire variety of possible and hypothetical principles of creating
the antigravitation spacecraft can be divided into four groups:
- Electro-gravitational and magnet projects;
- Torsion projects;
- Gyroscopic projects;
- Others.
The biggest part is that of the first group. Torsion projects include
those with very fast drum, cones and other geometrical solids torsion.
Usually, all the projects of the second group are, in some extent, connected
with those of the first or the third ones. Other projects make up an
insignificant part.
All the projects mentioned above have one common disadvantage - they
are ten, hundred, thousand times more complicated than jet engines.
However, if the spacecraft was at least two times more complicated than
a jet engine, it would certainly lose the competition to a rocket. The
only spacecraft having the same level of complication as a the rocket
is that working on the principle of transforming the energy of an impulse
into thermal energy. Structurally, this spacecraft is even simpler than
the rocket: to elevate a 1.5 ton weight to the level of 200 km, the
rocket must have initial power of 20 mln. h.p., while the planned spacecraft
will do the same with the initial engine power of only 100 h.p.
So, what is the main principle of this spacecraft's operation? One pair
of impulses, equal in their size and opposite in their direction, appears
within any jet motion. For example, a rocket repulses a mass M with
the speed of V, and at the same time getting the equal impulse MoVo
it moves in the opposite direction. Within certain dissipate systems
the energy transformation leads to the appearance of two pairs of impulses.
Through friction, the energy of one impulse turns into heat, and the
impulse itself dissipates. The force misbalance appears and, as a result,
antigravitation originates. There is nothing new in this process. As
far back as 150 years ago a great English scientist W. Thompson determined
the rule, that in the presence of irreversible processes of friction
"the dispersion of power-driven energy turning into heat"
takes place. Although this rule was determined before the basing of
the second principle of thermodynamics, various and numerous experiments
brilliantly proved that this rule explains the appearance of practical
antigravitation as well.
Thus, W. Thompson was really close to the discovery of antigravitation
and even more close to the disproof of the so called 'third principle
of Newton'. After all, not preserving the impulse means the disproof
of the Newton's principle. Even if a billion of facts prove a physical
principle and only one is in contradiction with it, the principle turns
to be a failure and becomes a rule. That's why the Third principle of
Newton ended, having split into two rules:
1. The rule of Newton - "Usually an action equals counteraction".
2. The rule of Thompson - "Within dissipate systems in the presence
of transformation of energy forms into heat, the impulse energy disperses
and force misbalance appears, which leads to either unjet motion or
to the origin of antigravitation.
The unjet motion is connected with the linear transmission of some
masses of a closed system. This results in the appearance of the pair
of impulses, based on a certain amount of MV motion as well as in the
appearance of the pair of impulses, expressed by the formula F*t. One
of the force impulses disperses and an unjet motion originates.
Antigravitation appears when there is no linear transmission of the
system masses, which results in the origin of two pairs of purely force
impulses. One impulse turns into heat, and that's when the antigravitation
appears. A very simple spacecraft irrefutably proves this statement.
If an antigravitation machine suggested by someone fits the "Second
principle of Thompson", it means that the machine has capacity
for work and is able to generate unjet motion or antigravitation. The
other question is whether, being so simple, it will able to compete
with the jet engine and with a rocket.
By now only one apparatus has won this informal contest. This is antigravitational
machine AGAT-2. Following the suggested model, a group of sufficiently
qualified enthusiasts within one year time can build a spacecraft, which
would help win the $10 mln prize established by NASA. Of course, this
sum wouldn't pay off the expenses on building such a machine. But think
of the story about $100000, also established by NASA for flying across
La-Manche with the help of a 'device', activated with a man's muscle.
A group of enthusiasts had won that prize, though the expenses on building
the 'device' made up $1 mln. This winning had brought nothing but a
feeling of satisfaction and waste of money. And the $10 mln prize would
bring tremendous dividends, which are even hard to imagine.